COVID-19 is an infectious viral disease that emerged at the end of 2019 and rapidly developed into a global pandemic in 2020. Antiviral medications can help reduce the severity of infection. Most individuals recover without long-term effects; however, some may experience lingering symptoms for several months.
The virus replicates itself, and random genetic changes may occur in each copy. These changes, known as mutations, can reduce immunity acquired from previous infections or vaccinations, allowing reinfection to occur.
Modes of Transmission
The most common route of COVID-19 transmission is through the air via close contact with an infected person.
Symptoms
Symptoms usually appear 2 to 14 days after exposure to the virus.
Common symptoms include:
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Fever (≥38°C)
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Dry cough
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Shortness of breath
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Loss of taste or smell
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Chills or shivering
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Body aches or muscle pain
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Cold-like symptoms (such as sore throat, nasal congestion, or runny nose)
In severe cases, the lungs fail to function properly, and patients may require supplemental oxygen. In critical cases, respiratory failure can occur.
Risk Factors
You are at higher risk if you:
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Live with or have close contact with someone infected with COVID-19
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Spend extended periods in crowded or poorly ventilated places
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Are aged 65 or older or a child under 6 months
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Have cancer
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Have type 1 or type 2 diabetes
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Have a weakened immune system
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Are pregnant
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Have thalassemia
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Suffer from heart disease or high blood pressure
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Have chronic lung, kidney, or liver disease
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Have neurological disorders
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Are a smoker
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Have obesity
Possible Complications
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Loss of taste and smell
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Skin rashes
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Shortness of breath or pneumonia
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Blood clots
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Kidney damage
Prevention
To reduce your risk of infection:
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Wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water for at least 20 seconds
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Use a hand sanitizer with at least 60% alcohol
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Maintain physical distancing from others
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Cover your mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing
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Wear a mask in crowded or enclosed public areas
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Ensure good air ventilation in indoor spaces
When to See a Doctor
If you test positive for COVID-19 or experience any related symptoms, contact your healthcare provider immediately for proper guidance and care.
🩺 Conclusion
COVID-19 remains a global health concern despite advances in treatment and vaccination. Protecting yourself and others through good hygiene, vaccination, and responsible behavior is key to controlling the spread of the virus. If symptoms appear, seek medical advice early to prevent complications and ensure proper recovery.
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