Vitamin B12 Deficiency: Causes and Treatment
🔹 Introduction
Vitamin B12, also known as cobalamin, plays a vital role in the production of red blood cells, nerve function, and cell metabolism. A deficiency in vitamin B12 can lead to anemia, fatigue, muscle weakness, and neurological problems.
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🔹 Causes of Vitamin B12 Deficiency
The body needs about 2.4 micrograms of vitamin B12 daily to function properly.
Common causes of vitamin B12 deficiency include:
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Poor nutrition, especially diets low in animal-based foods.
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Malabsorption disorders affecting the stomach or intestines.
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Pancreatic diseases or Zollinger–Ellison syndrome.
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Medications that interfere with B12 absorption, such as:
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Metformin (used for diabetes)
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Proton pump inhibitors (e.g., omeprazole, lansoprazole)
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Colchicine and high doses of vitamin C
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🔹 Symptoms
Vitamin B12 deficiency often develops gradually. Common signs include:
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Persistent fatigue and dizziness
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Irregular heartbeat
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Pale or yellowish skin
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Weight loss
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Muscle weakness
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Memory problems or confusion in advanced cases
🔹 Complications
Untreated vitamin B12 deficiency can lead to serious health issues such as:
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Neurological disorders – tingling in the hands and feet, balance problems, or memory loss.
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Pregnancy complications – low folate or B12 levels can increase the risk of birth defects.
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Cognitive impairment – confusion, depression, or dementia-like symptoms.
🔹 Prevention and Treatment
A balanced diet rich in vitamin B12 can help prevent deficiency.
Recommended food sources include:
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Beef, liver, chicken, and fish
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Eggs and dairy products
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Leafy greens such as spinach and broccoli, and mushrooms
If dietary intake is insufficient, vitamin B12 supplements may be prescribed as oral tablets or injections under medical supervision.
🔹 Medical Advice
To maintain healthy nerves and blood cells, it’s important to check your vitamin B12 levels regularly and consult your doctor before taking supplements.
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