Tinea Capitis (Scalp Ringworm)

 

Overview
Tinea capitis, also known as scalp ringworm, is a common fungal infection that affects the scalp and hair shafts. Despite its name, it has nothing to do with worms. The condition causes round, scaly patches on the scalp that may lead to hair loss and itching. It mainly affects children but can occur in adults as well.

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Symptoms of Tinea Capitis

Common signs and symptoms include:

• Circular, scaly, or inflamed patches on the scalp.

• Hair that breaks easily near the roots, leaving small bald spots.

• Itching, redness, and sometimes pain in the affected area.

• In severe cases, pus-filled sores or yellow crusts may appear.

• Swollen lymph nodes in the neck (in advanced infections).

If left untreated, the infection can spread and cause more noticeable hair loss.

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When to See a Doctor

You should consult a doctor if you or your child notice:

• Hair loss in patches

• Persistent itching or redness on the scalp

• Painful bumps or pus-filled areas

Over-the-counter creams or ointments are not effective for scalp ringworm. Medical treatment is necessary.

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Causes of Tinea Capitis

Tinea capitis is caused by dermatophyte fungi, which thrive on keratin — a protein found in hair, skin, and nails. The infection can spread in several ways:

• Person-to-person contact: Direct skin contact with an infected person.

• Animal-to-person contact: Touching infected pets such as cats, dogs, or farm animals.

• Object-to-person contact: Using contaminated items like hats, combs, towels, or pillows.

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Risk Factors

Certain conditions increase the risk of getting tinea capitis:

• Being a child, especially between ages 3–10

• Close contact with other children (schools, daycare centers)

• Poor hygiene or sharing personal items

• Owning pets that might carry the fungus

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Complications

If not treated, tinea capitis can lead to a severe condition called kerion, which causes painful swelling, pus discharge, and thick yellow crusts on the scalp. This can result in permanent hair loss or scarring.

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Prevention Tips

To prevent scalp ringworm:

• Wash hair regularly and keep the scalp clean.

• Avoid sharing combs, hats, and towels.

• Check and treat infected pets.

• Disinfect personal grooming tools frequently.

• Teach children about hygiene and not sharing personal items.

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Treatment Options

Treatment involves oral antifungal medications such as griseofulvin or terbinafine, prescribed by a doctor. These medicines eliminate the fungus from within the hair shaft.
In addition, medicated antifungal shampoos can help reduce the spread of infection and prevent reinfection among family members.

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