Epilepsy

 

Epilepsy: is a chronic neurological disorder characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical activity in the brain and may vary in type and intensity. While some people may lose consciousness during a seizure, others might experience muscle stiffness, convulsions, or temporary confusion. Epilepsy can affect anyone, regardless of age, gender, or ethnicity.

Symptoms of Epilepsy

• Muscle stiffness or spasms

• Temporary confusion or blank staring

• Loss of consciousness

• Fear, anxiety, or unusual sensations

• Sudden jerking movements

Common Causes

• Genetic factors

• Brain injury or trauma during birth

• Stroke or brain tumors

• Infections like meningitis or encephalitis

• Imbalance in blood sugar or sodium levels

• Higher risk in individuals with autism

Possible Complications

• Car accidents or drowning

• Sleep disorders and insomnia

• Memory problems

• Depression, anxiety, or suicidal thoughts

• Injuries such as fractures and bruises

• Pregnancy-related risks

First Aid Tips for Epileptic Seizures

✅ Stay calm and reassure the patient
✅ Keep the airway clear and remove harmful objects nearby
✅ Place something soft under the head
✅ Call emergency services if the seizure lasts longer than 5 minutes

Avoid: crowding around the patient, restraining movements, moving them during the seizure, or giving food or drink.

When to Seek Immediate Medical Help

• Seizure lasts more than 5 minutes

• Trouble breathing or prolonged unconsciousness

• Another seizure occurs soon after the first

• High fever, pregnancy, or diabetes complications

• Severe injury during the seizure

• First-time seizure or uncontrolled seizures despite medication.