Glaucoma (Blue Water Disease)

 

Glaucoma (Blue Water Disease): Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

Glaucoma, also known as blue water disease, is a chronic eye disorder caused by progressive damage to the optic nerve, which transmits visual signals from the eye to the brain. This condition occurs when the intraocular fluid does not drain properly, leading to increased eye pressure that may result in gradual vision loss and even blindness if left untreated.
Globally, about 1.5% to 2% of people over the age of 40 are affected by glaucoma, and the risk increases significantly with age.

Types of Glaucoma

• Open-angle glaucoma: The most common type, usually linked to aging and elevated eye pressure.

• Angle-closure glaucoma: A medical emergency caused by a sudden blockage of fluid drainage in the eye, which can lead to blindness within days if untreated.

• Secondary glaucoma: Develops due to eye injuries, surgical procedures, or long-term use of certain medications such as corticosteroids.

• Congenital glaucoma: A rare condition in newborns caused by abnormal development of the eye’s drainage system, leading to fluid buildup.

Risk Factors

• Age over 55 years.

• African or Asian descent.

• Family history of glaucoma.

• Eye injuries or previous eye surgery.

• Severe myopia (nearsightedness).

• Genetic predisposition and poor blood circulation.

• Chronic diseases such as diabetes, heart disease, and anemia.

• Long-term corticosteroid use.

Symptoms

• Blurred or hazy vision.

• Severe headache.

• Eye pain and redness.

• Nausea and vomiting in some cases.

Complications

• Permanent blindness if not diagnosed and treated early.

Treatment Options

• Prescription eye drops to reduce intraocular pressure.

• Laser therapy to improve fluid drainage.

• Surgical procedures in advanced or resistant cases.

Prevention and Eye Care

• Regular eye examinations, especially after the age of 40.

• Wearing protective glasses to prevent eye injuries.

• Managing chronic conditions such as diabetes and high blood pressure.

• Maintaining a healthy weight and lifestyle.

• Avoiding smoking and unhealthy habits.

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📌 Conclusion:

Glaucoma is often called the “silent thief of sight” because it can cause irreversible vision loss without early warning signs. Routine eye check-ups and timely treatment are the most effective ways to preserve vision and protect eye health.