Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)

 

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS): Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

What is IBS?

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a chronic and common digestive disorder that affects the large intestine (colon). It causes abdominal cramps, bloating, and changes in bowel habits such as diarrhea, constipation, or both. While IBS is not considered a life-threatening condition, it can significantly affect quality of life and often requires long-term management.

Symptoms of IBS

• Abdominal bloating and excess gas

• Diarrhea, constipation, or alternating between both

• Abdominal cramps and pain

• Changes in stool consistency and frequency

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Possible Causes of IBS

The exact cause of IBS is unknown, but several factors may contribute, including:

• Nervous system and stress

• Severe intestinal infections

• Changes in gut microbiota (bacteria, viruses, and fungi that normally live in the intestines)

• Trigger foods such as wheat, dairy products, legumes, cabbage, and carbonated drinks

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Risk Factors

• Age: More common in people under 50

• Gender: Women are more likely to develop IBS

• Mental health conditions: Anxiety, depression, or other psychological issues

• Family history of IBS

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Diagnosis of IBS

IBS is usually diagnosed by ruling out other digestive disorders. Tests may include:

• Physical examination and medical history

• Blood and stool tests

• Imaging tests such as X-rays or CT scans

• Colonoscopy

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Treatment and Management

The main goal of IBS treatment is to relieve symptoms and improve daily life.

Medications:

• Anti-diarrheal medications

• Antispasmodics for abdominal cramps

• Antidepressants for severe or persistent symptoms

Lifestyle and Dietary Changes:

• Drink plenty of fluids, especially water

• Avoid caffeine, energy drinks, and carbonated beverages

• Limit gas-producing foods such as broccoli, cabbage, and cauliflower

• Eat small, frequent meals

• Avoid dairy products if lactose intolerant

• Exercise regularly

• Quit smoking

• Manage stress through relaxation and deep breathing

• Consider fiber supplements (e.g., psyllium husk) and probiotics to improve gut health

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When to See a Doctor

Consult a doctor if you experience:

• Unexplained weight loss

• Rectal bleeding or bloody diarrhea

• Persistent abdominal pain not relieved by passing gas or stool

• Frequent vomiting without a clear cause