Hepatitis A

 

What You Need to Know About Hepatitis A Virus

Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is one of the viruses that infect the liver and cause inflammation, which can affect its ability to function normally.
In most cases, the infection occurs through consuming contaminated food or water or being in close contact with an infected person.
Most patients recover completely without any lasting liver damage, and moderate cases usually do not require specific treatment.

Causes and Transmission

Hepatitis A spreads primarily through contaminated food or water or direct contact with an infected person.
The virus can survive on surfaces for several months but does not spread through casual contact, coughing, or sneezing.

Common ways the Hepatitis A virus spreads include:

• Sexual contact with an infected person.

• Close personal contact with someone who has the virus.

• Eating food prepared by an infected person who did not wash their hands properly after using the toilet.

• Drinking contaminated water or eating contaminated food.

Symptoms of Hepatitis A

Symptoms usually appear a few weeks after infection and may include:

• Nausea, vomiting, and sudden diarrhea.

• Pale or gray-colored stool.

• Loss of appetite.

• Mild fever.

• Dark urine.

• Yellowing of the skin and eyes (jaundice).

Most cases are mild and resolve within a few weeks, but in some individuals, the illness may last for several months, causing fatigue and temporary complications.

Risk Factors

You may be at higher risk of Hepatitis A infection if you:

• Travel or work in regions where Hepatitis A is common.

• Engage in sexual contact with an infected person.

• Live with HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus).

Prevention of Hepatitis A

1. Vaccination

The Hepatitis A vaccine is the most effective way to prevent infection.
It is given as two doses, with the second (booster) dose administered six months after the first.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends vaccination for:

• All children aged one year or older.

• Homeless children and adults.

• People who have close contact with an infected person.

• Laboratory workers exposed to the virus.

• Travelers to regions where the virus is prevalent.

• Individuals with chronic liver disease, including Hepatitis B or C.

• Anyone who wishes to gain additional protection.

💡 Consult your doctor to determine whether the vaccine is right for you.

2. Travel Precautions

When traveling to areas with high Hepatitis A rates, follow these preventive steps:

• Wash all fruits and vegetables thoroughly with clean water.

• Avoid eating raw or undercooked meat and seafood.

• Ensure food and water are clean and safe before consumption.

Public Health Efforts

The General Authority for Healthcare works diligently to enhance public awareness and provide preventive care by offering education, vaccination programs, and appropriate medical services.
Through international collaboration and coordinated health initiatives, these efforts aim to reduce infection rates, promote sustainable healthcare, and strengthen community health overall.