Hepatitis B

 

Hepatitis B: Causes, Symptoms, Prevention, and Common Questions

Overview

Hepatitis B is a viral infection that affects the liver and can cause both acute and chronic diseases. The virus is primarily transmitted through contact with infected blood or body fluids, from mother to child during childbirth, or through the use of contaminated needles and sharp instruments.

For most individuals, Hepatitis B infection is acute and lasts less than six months. However, in some cases, the infection becomes chronic, persisting for more than six months and potentially leading to serious complications such as liver failure, liver cirrhosis, or liver cancer.

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Common Modes of Transmission

• Contaminated needles and syringes: The virus spreads easily through the use of infected injection equipment.

• Mother-to-child transmission: An infected mother can pass the virus to her baby during delivery.

• Unprotected sexual contact: The virus can be transmitted through contact with infected body fluids during sexual activity.

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Symptoms

Symptoms of Hepatitis B vary from mild to severe and typically appear within 1 to 4 months after infection. Some individuals may not show any symptoms at all. Common symptoms include:

• Yellowing of the skin and eyes (jaundice)

• Dark-colored urine

• Nausea and vomiting

• Abdominal pain

• Fatigue and weakness

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Prevention

Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent Hepatitis B. The vaccine is usually administered in two doses, one month apart.
It is strongly recommended for:

• Healthcare workers

• Newborns and children who have not received the vaccine

• People living with an infected person

• Individuals with sexually transmitted infections

• Travelers to areas with high infection rates

Other preventive measures include:

• Using sterile needles and medical equipment

• Practicing safe sex

• Ensuring tattoo and piercing facilities follow proper sterilization methods

• Being cautious when handling blood samples

• Consulting a doctor before traveling abroad

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Frequently Asked Questions

1. Can I recover from Hepatitis B infection?
Most healthy adults recover completely within six months. However, around 10% of infected adults may develop chronic Hepatitis B. Infants and young children are at a higher risk of chronic infection.

2. What is the difference between acute and chronic Hepatitis B?

• Acute infection: Lasts less than six months and often resolves on its own.

• Chronic infection: Persists beyond six months and may lead to lifelong liver complications.

3. Can someone with Hepatitis B donate blood?
No. Individuals who have been infected with Hepatitis B, even if they recover, are not allowed to donate blood.

4. Are herbal supplements or alternative treatments safe for Hepatitis B?
Some herbal or dietary supplements may interfere with prescribed medications. Always consult your healthcare provider before taking any supplements to ensure safety and effectiveness.

5. How can people with chronic Hepatitis B maintain liver health?

• Attend regular medical check-ups.

• Get vaccinated for Hepatitis A and B if recommended.

• Avoid alcohol and smoking.

• Do not take herbal remedies or vitamins without medical advice.

• Eat a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, fish, and lean meats.

• Manage stress, exercise regularly, and get enough sleep.

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