High Cholesterol

 

High Cholesterol: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

Cholesterol is a fatty substance found in every cell of the body. It helps build healthy cells, but having high cholesterol levels can lead to fatty deposits in the blood vessels, increasing the risk of heart disease and stroke.

Types of Cholesterol

• LDL (Low-Density Lipoprotein): Known as bad cholesterol, it can build up in the arteries and cause them to narrow.

• HDL (High-Density Lipoprotein): Known as good cholesterol, it helps remove excess cholesterol from the bloodstream.

• VLDL (Very Low-Density Lipoprotein): Carries triglycerides, another type of fat that can also block arteries.

Causes and Risk Factors

Several factors can raise cholesterol levels, including:

• Unhealthy diet: Eating red meat, full-fat dairy, and fried foods.

• Lack of physical activity: Inactivity lowers good cholesterol (HDL).

• Smoking: Damages blood vessels and lowers HDL.

• Obesity: Having a BMI over 30 increases the risk.

• Genetics: Family history can influence cholesterol levels.

• Diabetes and high blood pressure: Both can worsen cholesterol imbalance.

Complications

High cholesterol can lead to atherosclerosis, a buildup of plaque in the arteries that may cause:

• Chest pain (angina)

• Heart attack

• Stroke

Diagnosis

A blood test called a lipid profile measures:

• Total cholesterol

• LDL (bad cholesterol)

• HDL (good cholesterol)

• Triglycerides

Treatment

1. Lifestyle changes:

   • Eat healthy, balanced meals.

   • Exercise regularly.

   • Maintain a healthy weight.

   • Avoid smoking and trans fats.

2. Medications (if needed):

   • Statins to lower LDL.

   • Fibrates and niacin for high triglycerides.

   • Cholesterol absorption inhibitors to reduce absorption in the intestine.

Prevention Tips

• Stay active daily.

• Eat more fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.

• Choose healthy fats like olive oil and omega-3-rich fish.

• Avoid processed foods and sugary snacks.

Natural Remedies

Some natural ingredients may help lower cholesterol levels:

• Garlic

• Oats and oat bran

• Barley

• Psyllium husk

• Artichoke extract