Tooth Decay

 

🦷 Tooth Decay: Causes, Symptoms, and Prevention

Tooth decay, or dental caries, is one of the most common oral health problems worldwide. It occurs when bacteria in the mouth produce acids that damage the tooth’s hard surface, leading to small holes or cavities. Without treatment, these cavities can deepen, causing pain, infection, and even tooth loss.

Causes of Tooth Decay

Tooth decay begins when plaque—a sticky film of bacteria—forms on teeth. When you eat sugary or starchy foods, the bacteria convert them into acids that erode tooth enamel. Poor oral hygiene, frequent snacking, and drinking sugary beverages increase the risk of decay.

Symptoms

Early stages of decay may not cause noticeable symptoms. As the condition progresses, you may experience:

• Toothache or sensitivity

• Pain when eating hot, cold, or sweet foods

• Visible holes or dark spots on teeth

• Swelling or pus near the gums

Types of Tooth Decay

1. Smooth surface decay – affects the outer enamel of the teeth.

2. Pit and fissure decay – develops in the grooves of the molars.

3. Root decay – occurs on the root surface, often due to gum recession.

Risk Factors

• Poor oral hygiene

• Dry mouth (lack of saliva)

• Frequent consumption of sugary foods or drinks

• Using non-fluoridated water

• Age-related gum problems

• Certain medical treatments like chemotherapy

Complications

Untreated tooth decay can cause severe pain, dental abscesses, broken teeth, difficulty chewing, and gum infections. In advanced cases, infection can spread and lead to serious health problems.

Prevention

Good oral hygiene and regular dental care are the best ways to prevent decay:

• Brush twice daily with fluoride toothpaste

• Floss regularly

• Limit sugary foods and drinks

• Visit your dentist every six months

• Drink fluoridated water

Natural Remedies (for temporary relief only)

Some herbs may ease tooth pain but do not cure decay, such as clove, ginger, turmeric, thyme, and peppermint.

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