Psoriasis

 

Psoriasis: Causes, Symptoms, Types, and Treatment

Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune skin disease that causes rapid skin cell growth, leading to itchy, scaly patches on the skin. Learn about its causes, symptoms, types, triggers, and effective treatment options.

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What Is Psoriasis?

Psoriasis is a chronic, non-contagious skin disease caused by an overactive immune system that speeds up the life cycle of skin cells. This results in red, scaly patches that often appear on the elbows, knees, scalp, and other areas of the body.
Some people have a genetic predisposition to psoriasis. Although it can persist for life, the condition typically goes through cycles of flare-ups and remission.

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Common Symptoms of Psoriasis

• Thickened or ridged nails

• Dry, cracked skin that may itch or bleed

• Psoriatic arthritis (joint pain and stiffness)

• Red, scaly rashes resembling dandruff

• Burning or itching sensation on affected areas

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Types of Psoriasis

1. Plaque Psoriasis:
   The most common type. Causes raised, inflamed, and scaly patches on the skin, typically on the lower back, knees, and scalp.

2. Nail Psoriasis:
   Affects the nails, causing small pits, discoloration, and abnormal growth. Severe cases can lead to nail detachment.

3. Guttate Psoriasis:
   Usually triggered by bacterial infections, such as strep throat, and causes small, drop-shaped lesions on the skin.

4. Inverse Psoriasis:
   Appears in skin folds such as under the breasts, in the groin, or around the armpits. It worsens with friction and sweating.

5. Pustular Psoriasis:
   Characterized by white pustules filled with pus, surrounded by inflamed skin.

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Common Triggers of Psoriasis

• Alcohol consumption

• Tobacco smoking

• Obesity

• Sunburn

• HIV infection

• Streptococcal infections

• Certain medications

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Psoriasis Treatment Options

There is no complete cure for psoriasis, but several treatments can control symptoms and reduce flare-ups. Treatments are usually divided into three main categories:

1. Topical Treatments:
   Creams and ointments that help reduce inflammation and scaling.

2. Light Therapy (Phototherapy):
   Controlled exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light to slow skin cell growth.

3. Systemic Medications:
   Oral or injectable drugs used for moderate to severe cases to suppress the immune system and reduce inflammation.

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Prevention and Lifestyle Tips

• Follow prescribed medications and treatment plans.

• Keep the skin moisturized regularly.

• Maintain a healthy weight, as obesity worsens psoriasis symptoms.

• Limit showers to under 15 minutes.

• Use mild or moisturizing soaps, and avoid exfoliating products.

• Gently dry the skin and apply moisturizer after bathing.

• Avoid artificial nails if you have nail psoriasis.

• Protect your skin from sunburn.

• Quit smoking and reduce alcohol intake.

• Manage stress effectively.

• Avoid triggers such as cold weather, infections, or certain medications.

• Brush your hair gently and avoid tight hairstyles to prevent scalp irritation.

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When to See a Doctor

You should consult a dermatologist if:

• Psoriasis interferes with daily activities or sleep.

• You experience pain, swelling, or stiffness in your joints.

• Symptoms do not improve despite following treatment.

Early medical intervention helps prevent complications and improves quality of life.