Hearing Loss: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Prevention
Overview
Hearing loss is commonly defined as the reduced ability to hear and understand speech. Specialists distinguish between general hearing impairment and partial hearing loss. This condition may affect one ear or both and is especially common among older adults. Hearing loss may be congenital or acquired, and early detection is often challenging, as symptoms can be subtle and first noticed by others.
Taking precautions in noisy environments and avoiding prolonged exposure to loud sounds are essential preventive measures.
Introduction
Hearing loss can occur at any stage of life—from birth to older adulthood. Seniors are more prone to developing hearing problems, which may range from mild to profound. Profound loss is typically referred to as deafness. Understanding the types, causes, and treatment options is key to early intervention and maintaining quality of life.
Types of Hearing Loss
1. Conductive Hearing Loss
Occurs when sound is blocked from passing through the outer or middle ear. Medical treatment or surgery can often correct this type.
2. Sensorineural Hearing Loss
Results from damage to the inner ear. This form is usually permanent and cannot be corrected with medication or surgery.
3. Mixed Hearing Loss
A combination of conductive and sensorineural components involving the inner, middle, or outer ear.
Other terms: Deafness, partial deafness.
Causes of Hearing Loss
Congenital Causes
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Birth asphyxia
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Low birth weight
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Maternal infections such as rubella or syphilis during pregnancy
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Severe neonatal jaundice
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Use of ototoxic medications during pregnancy (e.g., aminoglycosides)
Acquired Causes
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Infectious diseases (e.g., measles)
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Middle ear infections
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Chronic ear inflammation
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Head or ear injury
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Exposure to loud noise
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Aging (presbycusis)
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Earwax buildup
Risk Factors
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Genetics
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Chemotherapy treatment
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Head trauma
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Prolonged exposure to loud environments
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Ototoxic medications
Symptoms of Hearing Loss
Early symptoms may be difficult to notice and often recognized by others first. They include:
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Difficulty hearing speech clearly, especially in noisy places
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Frequently asking others to repeat themselves slowly and clearly
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Turning up the TV or music volume higher than others prefer
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Trouble hearing phone conversations
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Withdrawing from discussions
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Feeling fatigued from straining to listen
Symptoms of Hearing Loss in One Ear
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Poor hearing when sound comes from one side
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Sounds seem quieter in general
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Difficulty identifying the direction of sound
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Trouble ignoring background noise
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Struggling to understand speech in noisy or distant situations
When to See a Doctor?
Seek medical evaluation at the first sign of hearing difficulty. Early diagnosis improves treatment outcomes and prevents further deterioration.
Diagnosis
A basic hearing evaluation includes an ear examination using a specialized light to inspect the ear canal. Additional tests help determine the type and level of sounds the patient can hear. Referral to an audiologist may be required for full hearing assessment.
Treatment
Treatment depends on the severity of hearing loss:
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Mild Hearing Loss: Hearing aids are often effective.
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Severe to Profound Hearing Loss: Cochlear implants may be necessary to restore hearing function.
Prevention Tips
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Avoid exposure to loud noise
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Lower the volume of TV and headphones
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Wear ear protection in noisy places (concerts, sports events)
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Stay away from speakers at events
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Take 15-minute breaks from loud environments
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Use earplugs when needed
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Get routine hearing tests
Frequently Asked Questions
Is there a routine hearing test?
Yes. Regular hearing tests are recommended, especially for individuals who:
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Have a family history of hearing loss unrelated to noise exposure
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Work in noisy environments
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Engage in loud hobbies or activities
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Take medications that increase the risk of hearing loss, such as certain antibiotics or cancer treatments
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