Headache

 

Headache: Causes, Types, Triggers, and Effective Treatments

Overview

Headache is one of the most common health complaints worldwide. While most headaches are harmless and temporary, some cases may indicate an underlying medical condition. Understanding headache types, triggers, and proper treatment can help reduce symptoms and improve quality of life.

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Common Types of Headache

1. Tension Headache

This is the most prevalent form of headache and affects both men and women equally.
Characteristics:

• Gradual onset of pain or pressure around the forehead, neck, or scalp

• Sensation of tightness or mild to moderate discomfort

• Often triggered by stress, fatigue, or muscle tension

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2. Migraine (Shiqaqah)

A neurological condition known for its intense, throbbing pain.
Key features:

• Moderate to severe pulsating pain, usually on one side of the head

• Occurs three times more often in women than men

• Can begin in adolescence or adulthood

• May be preceded by aura, such as visual disturbances or tingling in the face or limbs

• Often accompanied by nausea, sensitivity to light, sound, and smells

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3. Cluster Headache

A rare but extremely painful type of headache that typically affects men, especially smokers.
Symptoms:

• Sharp, burning pain around or behind one eye

• Attacks occur in repetitive "clusters" at the same time of day or night

• Red, watery eyes and nasal congestion on one side of the face

• Episodes last 15 minutes to 3 hours, often recurring daily during cluster periods

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When to See a Doctor

Most headaches respond well to over-the-counter pain relievers.
However, medical evaluation is essential if the headache is accompanied by:

• High fever

• Neck stiffness

• Seizures

• Difficulty breathing

• Persistent pain lasting more than 48 hours
  These symptoms could indicate meningitis, infection, or other serious conditions.

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Common Headache Triggers

Triggers vary from person to person, but the following are common:

• Smoking

• High blood pressure

• Stress and emotional tension

• Irregular sleep patterns or skipping meals

• Hormonal changes in women (menstruation, menopause)

• Bright lights

• Strong perfumes or chemical odors

• Poor ventilation or closed spaces

• Loud noise

Additionally, some medications—such as oral contraceptives—may cause headaches as a side effect.

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Treatment and Prevention

1. Medications

• Over-the-counter analgesics: ibuprofen, acetaminophen

• Prescription medications for severe migraines or cluster headaches

• Preventive therapy for chronic headache patterns

2. Lifestyle Adjustments

• Maintaining regular sleep and meal schedules

• Reducing stress through relaxation techniques and exercise

• Avoiding known triggers

• Staying hydrated and minimizing caffeine intake

3. When to Seek Urgent Care

Seek immediate medical help if the headache is sudden, severe ("thunderclap headache"), or associated with neurological symptoms such as paralysis, confusion, or vision loss.