Hepatitis C

 

Is Hepatitis C Contagious? Causes, Symptoms, and Prevention

Hepatitis C is a viral infection that causes liver inflammation and damage. The virus spreads mainly through contact with infected blood. Transmission can occur through sharing needles, receiving unsafe medical injections, or blood transfusions and blood products that have not been properly screened.

Hepatitis C can lead to both acute and chronic liver infection. The good news is that antiviral medications can cure more than 95% of people infected with the hepatitis C virus. However, there is currently no effective vaccine to prevent the infection.

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Common Symptoms

Hepatitis C is often asymptomatic in its early stages, but as the disease progresses, symptoms may include:

• Easy bleeding or bruising

• Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes)

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• Dark-colored urine

• Fluid buildup in the abdomen (ascites)

• Swelling in the legs

• Unexplained weight loss

Some individuals naturally recover from acute hepatitis C infection, while others develop chronic hepatitis C, which can persist for years and cause serious liver damage.

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Risk Factors

You may be at higher risk of hepatitis C if you:

• Have abnormal liver test results with no clear cause

• Were born to a mother infected with hepatitis C

• Are living with HIV

• Use injectable or inhaled drugs

• Are a healthcare worker exposed to blood or needlestick injuries

• Undergo regular dialysis treatment

• Are a pregnant woman

• Have a sexual partner infected with hepatitis C

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Possible Complications

If left untreated, chronic hepatitis C can lead to:

• Liver cirrhosis

• Liver cancer

• Liver failure

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Prevention Tips

Although there is no vaccine for hepatitis C, you can significantly reduce your risk by following these steps:

• Always ensure sterile equipment is used for body piercing or tattoos

• Avoid sharing personal items such as razors, toothbrushes, or nail scissors

• Use protective gear (gloves, barriers) when handling blood or body fluids

• Carefully cover open wounds to prevent exposure

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When to See a Doctor

If you are diagnosed with hepatitis C, consult a hepatologist or liver specialist. With proper antiviral treatment, most people can completely eliminate the virus and significantly reduce the risk of serious liver complications.